sCO2-based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) systems integrating industrial waste heat

Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) is a promising long duration energy storage technology. sCO2-based power cycles could contribute to increase the Round-Trip Efficiency (RTE – 0.5÷0.7) and can exploit freely available heat sources (such as waste heat and/or CSP inputs), achieving an apparent RTE > 100%. In such cases, an RTE based on exergy should be recommended in place of RTE commonly based on electrical powers.